Essay --

There has always been rich and poor in Spain but never like in recent years, the distance between them is very significant, as well as the difference in relation of incomes. The unemployment rate has taken a toll on the family income. More than 1.7 million households, according to the latest Labor Force Survey, have all members unemployed, and only 67% of those registered in employment offices receive any assistance or provision of the state. As a result, Spain is one of the most troubled positioned countries in statistics that measures social inequality and has the biggest distance between high and low incomes. In Spain the economic gap has always exceeded the average of the euro partners, at least from the start of Eurostat statistical series in 1995. It was stable, until the crisis aggressively attacked the economy and the gap began to grow five years ago. The GINI coefficient, which measures the difference in income of a country, is a clear example of that change. If the statistics shows a zero means that in that country there exists perfect equality, if it shows a 100 would mean an absolute inequality. Spain pulled out in 2011 34, the highest level since records. Latvia is the only country that exceeded Spain with 35.2. In the opposite side is Germany, with 29 and Norway with 22.5. The Spanish families have until mid-2012 a loss of wealth of 18.4 % over the previous year, representing the sharpest decline recorded between the economies of the euro zone, especially harmed by adverse economic conditions resulting from the crisis sovereign debt and the appreciation of the dollar against the euro, as reflected in a report on global wealth produced by Credit Suisse. In absolute terms, the aggregate amount of the impoverishment of... ...jobs due to reduced capital inflow, as it is riskier to invest in Spain's market. Since investing is so risky, the interest rate that investors have to pay for loans and investment projects in Spain are higher in comparison with other countries from Europe. Because of the increase of the public debt and economic deterioration, Spain has no option than to ask for help. Spain calls on members of the Eurozone for a rescue plan of up to 100,000 million for banking. In July of 2012 it reaches the 7% with a premium of about 650 basis points in respect to Germany. As well, the ECB announces a bond program plan for countries with problems, to generate a positive effect and calm the markets. In the third quarter of 2013, the GDP growth shows the end of the longest recession in decades. From 2013 the country risk premium starts decreasing reaching 186 basis points in 2014.

Discuss the various ways which Robert Swindells presents life in ‘The streets of London’ Essay

â€Å"I’m invisible see? One of the invisible people.† Link, a young 16 year old boy from Bradford who is homeless, desperate to escape his Brutish stepfather feels that he has become an invisible outcast. Another quotation to support this is when Link says, â€Å"They don’t like reminding I exist.† Link says this to show the reader that he is worthless uses this type of language to make the reader more aware of how difficult it is to live on the streets of London. Link’s character in the book also emphasises a feeling of coldness. An example of this is shown when link says, â€Å"Also I kept seeing people I knew Neighbours. Guys I’d even been at school with. I even saw one of my teachers once. And if you have ever been caught begging by someone who you knew before, you can’t possibly know how low it makes you feel† This also makes the reader think that Link has a very lo self esteem and is very depressed. Another quotation to support this is when Link says, â€Å"I was one of them now – poised at the top of that downward spiral†. Kink says this making the reader understand how hard it is to be living on the streets. Shelter, the less predominant character in the novel, who is trying to rid the streets of homeless people uses subject specific Lexis to show the reader that he has a background in the army or has worked for the army. This is shown to the reader as Shelter always starts his chapters with, â€Å"Daily routine orders†. Link uses sarcasm to emphasise a point, for example, â€Å"Good old Vince†. After Describing Vince as a Brutish, evil stepfather who is a boozer and a bastard, Link says, â€Å"Good old Vince†. The author, Robert Swindells uses this to create an irony. At the beginning of page three Link mentions, â€Å"Born March 20th 1977†¦ to Mr & Mrs X†. Link says this to show the reader that he has forgotten the past and wants to get on with life. The main quotation to support and emphasise this is, â€Å"Mr & Mrs X†. Another statement to support this is when Link says, â€Å"I strode out of the station with my backpack and bedroll, and it felt like a new beginning†. This also shows the reader that link was positive life would improve from what it was with Vince. Another quotation to support this is â€Å"Nobody knows you. Where you’re from and what’s gone before. That’s you’re business†. One other quotation to support this is when Link chooses the name to give to Ginger he says, â€Å"‘Link’ I said. I’d seen it on this signpost earlier. Thames – Link. It’s a railway.† Robert Swindells also uses various techniques to make living on the streets look very hard and scary. The reader is informed of this when Link says, â€Å"Sad is what it is, Sad and scary. You’re leaving a place you know and heading into the unknown with nothing to protect you. This also informs the reader that this novel appears to be tragedy in many respects. Link feels very depressed after applying for many jobs in London and not getting any because he was homeless and was looking rough and scruffy, also looking like a tramp because of sleeping in the same clothes on the solid concrete floor. When Link started living on the streets of London he thought he was a hard boy who everyone would be terrified of after hitting an old bloke but his hopes were soon dashed after he was kicked out of his ‘bedroom’ by the streetwise, tough person he wanted to be. An example of this is shown to us when Link mentions, â€Å"this guy was what I was kidding myself I’d become†. Robert Swindells uses Shelters storyline as a very good way in which to present living on the streets of London. As Shelter goes around London looking for young and old people, whenever Shelter says, â€Å"Hostel† he always manages to get them to his house so that he can kill them. This shows the reader that homeless people are desperate for somewhere comfortable to sleep at. An example of this is when Shelter gets his first client, â€Å"That got him ‘hostel’†¦he fell for it hook line and sinker†. On page twenty-one Shelter also says, â€Å"I am not a murderer at all – I’m a Soldier out of uniform, killing for his country.† After killing a homeless person shelter mentions to the reader that he is not a murderer but a soldier killing for his country. This statement is not true as Shelter has murdered people who have done nothing to him and his country. Shelter thinks he is doing a good thing and is particularly careful about every step he takes. The author, Robert Swindells uses this to create an irony. As the reader gets deeper and deeper into the book, they start to grasp knowledge of Shelters storyline and start to know the feeling of how it is to be homeless and the different setbacks and failures it may have. The reader also learns not to stereotype homeless people.

Spectrum Disorder Early Childhood - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1991 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability, and it can be detected during the early childhood years. The autism umbrella is a wide range of complex conditions that affects abilities of verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction, and repetitive or restrictive behaviors. Its extremely difficult to generalize about autism; children with ASD can vary in severity of symptoms, and those may be different from another. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Spectrum Disorder Early Childhood" essay for you Create order For this reason, autism is considered a spectrum of disorders. The symptoms may also combine in a unique way for each child, thereby producing different sets of problems or difficulties among children with ASD (Min). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported in 2014 that about 1% of the world population has autism spectrum disorder. In United States, more than 3.5 million people live with autism. During 2018, one of 59 children were born with this disorder, and it is contrasting with the statistic of one in 150 children from 2000. According to the CDC, the average age diagnosis is 4-5 years, but a reliable autism diagnosis can be made as early as 18-24 months, and thats why early detection is so critical, even though research shows that most parents have no knowledge about autism symptoms. There is no known cause for ASD, but its prevalence rate is on the rise (ADDM Network). These results suggest the importance of generate awareness, so parents know what to look for if they think their child has autism. Some signs and symptoms that a child with ASD may exhibit include: Difficulty in expressing needs, engages in odd ritualistic movements such as rocking, laughs or cries or shows distress for reasons not apparent to others, temper tantrums, prefers to be alone, difficulty in mixing with other children or adults, unable to relate to others in socially appropriate ways, not responsive to normal teaching methods, not responsive to verbal cues/acts as if deaf although hearing tests are in the normal range, sustained play and special interest with certain toys or objects, over-sensitive or under-sensitive to pain, noticeable physical over-activity or extreme under-activity, and uneven gross/fine motor skill development. (Min) In the United States, its been estimated the total costs per year for children with ASD to be between $11.5 billion â€Å" $60.9 billion. This represents a mixture of direct and indirect costs of special education and medical care. Children of all ages with ASD had average medical expenditures that exceeded those without ASD by $4,110â€Å"$6,200 per year (ADDM Network). This is an average of 4.1 6.2 times greater than for those without ASD. In 2005, the average annual medical costs for Medicaid-enrolled children with ASD were $10,709 per child (ADDM Network), which represent about six times higher than the costs for children without ASD. Finally, but not less important, the cost of intensive behavioral interventions for children with ASD was $40,000 to $60,000 per child per year (ADDM Network). A study from The United States Department of Health revealed that cases of autism have increased 500% over the past five years, although the causes of autism have remained ambiguous. Genetically predisposed children are encountering a neurologically toxic environmental trigger that disables them and disconnects them from the world (Matson and Boisjoli). Those triggers could include heavy metal, pesticides, viral, parasite, and bacterial-induced toxicity. In another report presented at a recent national autism association conference in the United States, Dr. Bryan Jepson (author of Changing the Course of Autism: A Scientific Approach for Parents and Physicians), states that 80,000 chemicals have been introduced into the global environment in the last 20 years, none of which have been tested for neurological toxicity (Matson and Boisjoli). This time of exposure coincides with the snowball effect period of this autism epidemic. Also, it is projected that within a decade the tendency will be as high as 1 in 22 people. One encouraging sign that increasing awareness of the trigger effect may be starting to make a difference is that children who were first diagnosed in or after 2008 in the USA were more likely to have milder autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than those diagnosed in or before 2007 (Matson and Boisjoli). While autism was once a condition that was rarely discussed in public, now we find information everywhere: on television, radio, and internet. There are a largely amount of autism organizations in United States; however, in New Jersey, only few of them are exceptional. Since 2002, Bergens Promise, Inc. is a recognized 501(3)(c) private non-profit organization in assisting and supporting to families with youth ages of 5 to 21. They provide a comprehensive, individualized wraparound service planning through a team process; that covers behavioral, emotional, and mental health challenges, substance use issues and developmental disabilities. This non-profit organization has worked with over 4,000 youth and their families. They proudly stated: our many successful graduations are the agencys most significant accomplishments (Bergens Promise). Bergens Promise is the designated Care Management Organization (CMO) for Bergen County as part of The NJ Department of Children and families, Childrens System of Care (CSOC). The Wraparound Model of Care is a new point of reference in helping families to deal with complicated emotional and behavioral issues. This model could be successful by creating a plan to achieve the familys long-term vision of success, where involving the youth and family in the decision-making process is primordial. Together as a team, families are facing the adversity with a focus on strengths, not deficits. Other family members, friends and community supports closest to the family get involved to offer guidance and support. In-home and community-based resources are used to address the most important needs (Bergens Promise). The success of this model has Bergens Promise mission as its foundation: The goal of the organization is to keep ?Healthy Families, Safe at Home. Bergens Promise will provide exceptional care management services to keep youth and families physically and emotionally safe. (Bergens Promise) And inspired by its vision statement: Our services will be built on the familys strengths and delivered through a strong, coordinated network of community-based providers. We will strive to provide the highest quality of care that will produce the most positive results for the youth and families we serve. (Bergens Promise) Like any other organization, Bergens Promise faces many challenges: finding a service provider qualified to provide Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) services can be a complicated task; an organization that provides ABA therapy will have a Registered Behavior Technician (RBT), a Board Certified Associate Behavior Analyst (BCaBA), and a Board-Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) providing direct or indirect services to children. There is a lot of sites that provide therapy under the philosophy of ABA, but they are not certified by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB). The therapist who design the plan must hold a masters degree in Applied Behavior Analysis; if the therapist has a masters degree in Social Work, Psychology, Occupational Therapy, or in any other field the therapist has not received specific training to provide ABA services. But this task could be even more difficult when these services must be covered by Medicaid, and it represents the 81% of the budget. The CSOC covers the 14%. And only the 5% must be through alternative funding sources (Ramirez). Non-profit organization are performing a noble cause and for me thinking in volunteering would be a great opportunity to give back. My family has been working with Bergens Promise for about six years. My daughter, Ayleen, was diagnosed of Autism at the age of two and currently is one of their clients. The first step was contact Melissa Ramirez, her Care Manager in Bergens Promise, and we were talking about the possibility of sharing our experiences to other parents, encourage them to advocate for their children, and make them understand how important they are in this journey through recovery. We identify together that parents played a critical role in their children success. While therapist often focus on what the child cant do, parents could bring out the best in their children; however, something that started as a good idea, days later, was completely dissolved in one brief sentence for Melissas boss: this will be conflict of interest since your daughter is one of our clients, what unexpected refusal (strike one). A couple weeks later, I heard about an opportunity of volunteering in a Compassionate Behavioral Health Program in New Bridge Medical Center, so I decided to go to speak Susan Burkhardt, Manager of Volunteer Services, and she informed me about all requirements needed: background check, drug test, medical exam, vaccination, training, and 60 hours commitment; impossible to achieve for now (strike Two). I didnt realize that doing my ten hours of service wont be easy, but honestly, I dont have to go church to pray God; same as volunteering, it could be anywhere. Our contribution is to help other parents to face this challenge by providing information, sharing personal experiences, or offering practical ideas to alleviate any stress related to parenting children with ASD. Its not an easy road that we are traveling to recovery, however, it also has rewards our daughter really helped us to appreciate the little things in life more than we did before. We must be honest with the families that are coming to our house, we always emphasize our role as parents is not easy, but the results are incredibly beautiful. My wife and I still remember that day when our daughter was diagnosed with severe Autism. We still remember the nurse telling us hopefully, when she turns 40 you dont need to still be wiping her bottom after using the toilet. We still remember crying every day for more than four years. We still remember knocking at the churchs door at 2:00am asking God for several times: why God? Why? (Its ok to having those feeling). Despite all, well never forget the first time when she looked into our eyes. Well never forget her first word. Well never forget her first kiss without prompting (expressing feelings for real). This is about being patient and put your faith in God. We tell all the parents both side of the story: the good and the bad. We explained to parents that early intervention is the key and seeking professional help is highly recommended. Therapy doesnt end after the therapist leaves the house; parents job is meant to be a 24/7 therapist. Also, their diet must be as healthy as possible, no junk food at all. Repeating concepts and anticipating events are primordial; my wife took two hours every day in the bathroom for two years to teach her the colors, shapes, and the alphabet. My daughter left the pampers at the age of four (not forty). Now she is going to an inclusion class, reading small chapter books, and solving problems of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. We met several parents; from those that are highly concerned to others that just give up after listening how we get rid of the pampers: first, we need to monitor and create a chart with intervals of twenty or thirty minutes, then observe whether our child is wet or dry. Based on the information from the chart, we need to plan a schedule. Its also important to set up the bathroom free of distractions, explain the routine to the child, create a picture or visual chart, and always provide a positive feedback on each accomplish. Then the intervals will be gradually increased until eliminate the pampers at all. Conclusion Most parents think that toilet training during the day is so hard, but what about the schedule during the night, or what about now that my ten years old daughter has been training about her puberty; we covered topics like hygiene, cramps, blood, and even menopause. We bought menstrual pads and food coloring (red,) and due to her sensory issues, we decided to practice by placing the wet pad in her underwear for about 10 minutes. Her face denoted discomfort, and she couldnt hold it by telling my wife: Mom, I want to be in menopause. Yes, this is she. And its been more than nine years of service.